Understanding of hearing in baleen whales amplified

ScienceDaily (Apr. 17, 2012) ? For decades, scientists have known that dolphins and other toothed whales have specialized fats associated with their jaws, which efficiently convey sound waves from the ocean to their ears. But until now, the hearing systems of their toothless grazing cousins, baleen whales, remained a mystery.

Unlike toothed whales, baleen whales do not have enlarged canals in their jaws where specialized fats sit. While toothed whales use echolocation to find prey, baleen whales generally graze on zooplankton, and so some scientists have speculated that baleen whales may not need such a sophisticated auditory system. But a new study by scientists at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), published April 10, 2012, in The Anatomical Record, has shown that some baleen whales also have fats leading to their ears.

The scientists propose that toothed whales may not be the only whales that use fats to transmit sound in water, as previously believed, and the fats in both types of whales may share a common evolutionary origin.

Little progress had been made on the auditory anatomy of baleen whales because specimens to study are hard to get. Unlike many toothed whales, they are large, not kept in captivity, rarely strand on beaches, and decompose rapidly when they do.

For the new study, lead author Maya Yamato, a graduate student in the MIT/WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography, received seven heads of minke whales that stranded and died, mostly on beaches on Cape Cod. She collaborated with the International Fund for Animal Welfare's (IFAW) Marine Mammal Rescue and Research unit in Yarmouth Port, Mass.

The whale heads were scanned using computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the Computerized Scanning and Imaging (CSI) lab at WHOI and MRI facility at Massachusetts Ear and Eye Infirmary in Boston. Using these biomedical techniques, the researchers generated 3-D visualizations of the whales' internal anatomy, with both bones and soft tissue intact and in their undisturbed natural positions, providing "an unprecedented view of the internal anatomy of these animals," the scientists wrote.

Then the whale heads were dissected in the necropsy facility at the Marine Mammal Center at WHOI. Together, the studies showed that all the minke whales had "a large, well-formed fat body" connecting to the ears, providing a potential transmission pathway guiding sound from the environment to their inner ears.

"This is the first successful study of intact baleen whale head anatomy with these advanced imaging techniques," said WHOI Senior Scientist Darlene Ketten, director of the CSI lab at WHOI and co-author on the paper. "It really is an important addition to our understanding of large whale head and auditory systems."

Also collaborating on the study were Julie Arruda and Scott Cramer at the CSI and Kathleen Moore of IFAW.

This research was funded by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship, a WHOI Ocean Life Institute Graduate Fellowship, the Joint Industry Program, the Office of Naval Research, and the U.S. Navy.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. Maya Yamato, Darlene R. Ketten, Julie Arruda, Scott Cramer, Kathleen Moore. The Auditory Anatomy of the Minke Whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata): A Potential Fatty Sound Reception Pathway in a Baleen Whale. The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology, 2012; DOI: 10.1002/ar.22459

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

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Exclusive: Tupac Coachella Hologram Creator Tells How He Resurrected Rapper

'It was [Dr.] Dre's vision to bring this back to life,' says Nick Smith president of the company that created the Tupac hologram at Coachella.
By Gil Kaufman


2Pac hologram at Coachella
Photo: Getty Images

The Coachella festival is a place where minds routinely get blown, usually due to an awesome set or a killer reunion from one of your favorite bands. But on Sunday night it was thanks to the ghostly re-appearance of West Coast rap legend Tupac Shakur. He materialized on stage alongside his old friend Snoop Dogg during a crowd-pleasing set by the Doggfather and Dr. Dre, which also featured appearances from Eminem, 50 Cent, Wiz Khalifa and Warren G.

The resurrection of 'Pac, who was murdered in 1996, would have been a face-melting surprise had word about the stunt not leaked out just a few days before the set. But the 100,000 or so fans who were on hand still couldn't believe it when Tupac materialized on stage to rip off "2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted."

"What up, Coachella?" the shirtless, pants sagging MC asked the crowd before bouncing into the classic single "Hail Mary."

"We worked with Dr. Dre on this and it was Dre's vision to bring this back to life," said Nick Smith, president of AV Concepts, the San Diego company that projected and staged the hologram. "It was his idea from the very beginning and we worked with him and his camp to utilize the technology to make it come to life."

According to a spokesperson for Dre, the lifelike image of Shakur was created by Hollywood effects house Digital Domain, the Oscar-winning CG factory that made CG images of Brad Pitt in "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button," Jeff Bridges in "TRON: Legacy," Kevin Bacon in "X-Men: First Class" and Rooney Mara in "The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo." The virutal 'Pac was the vision of Dre, who worked with his longtime partner Philip Atwell of Geronimo Productions and Dylan Brown of The Yard.

Smith said he wasn't allowed to talk about the creative aspects of the production — including how the hologram was able to seemingly perform the set in synch with Snoop and whether all the vocals were 'Pac's — but he did say that his company has the ability to recreate long-dead figures and visually recreate them in the studio. "You can take their likenesses and voice and ... take people that haven't done concerts before or perform music they haven't sung and digitally recreate it," he said.

The hologram was the latest visual magic pulled off by AV, which is also behind the 2006 Grammys performance featuring Madonna and the holographic members of the Gorillaz, as well as holograms used in concert by Celine Dion and the Black Eyed Peas.

The Tupac hologram was several months in the planning and took nearly four months to create in a studio and though Smith was not able to reveal the exact price tag for the illusion, he said a comparable one could cost anywhere from $100,000 to more than $400,000 to pull off. "I can't say how much that event cost, but I can say it's affordable in the sense that if we had to bring entertainers around world and create concerts across the country, we could put [artists] in every venue in the country," he said.

The life-size Tupac was amazingly realistic, down to the late rapper's signature tattoos, Timberland boots, jewelry and movements, all of which were also recreated under the direction of Dre and his team.

The hologram, of course, already has a Twitter page and more than 3,300 followers at press time.

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Maria Menounos vs. Debra Messing: Who Would You Rather...


Extra! Extra! Ogle all day over it: Maria Menounos is totally naked in this month's issue of Allure.

Granted, you can't see the TV personality's goodies, but you can see a lot more here than you even saw when Menounos donned a bikini in Times Square following the Super Bowl in February. She looks darn good.

But does she look better than Smash star Debra Messing, who also wears her birthday suit for the magazine? That's the question we pose below, as we ask readers:

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Which of these beauties would you rather see naked and in your bed? If you know what we mean!

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Radiohead Brighten Coachella's Second Day

Career-spanning set features icons' newest tracks and older fan favorites.
By Mary J. DiMeglio


Radiohead's Thom Yorke performs during day two of the Coachella music festival
Photo: Getty Images

INDIO, CaliforniaRadiohead brought their huge sound and eye-candy backdrop to the Coachella festival's polo fields Saturday night in a fairly mellow set, heavy with cuts from their latest offering, The King of Limbs.

Amidst their newest tracks — including "Morning Mr Magpie," "Lotus Flower" and "Give Up the Ghost" — the British rock icons sprinkled tunes spanning much of their catalog, from Kid A rave-up "Idioteque" to In Rainbows' "Bodysnatchers" and "15 Step."

Of "Karma Police," their first classic selection of the night, singer Thom Yorke said, "You know those people who are only talking to you because they want something from you? You need to take a cold shower afterwards."

Radiohead, who last graced the polo fields in 2004, are also headlining Bonnaroo in June.

The fivesome answered calls for an encore with longtime fan favorite "Lucky," "Reckoner" and the alternately soaring and intense "Paranoid Android."

Coachella's second day also featured Bon Iver, David Guetta, the Shins and A$AP Rocky.

In response to last year's event selling out — a week after the 2011 lineup was announced — the festival is experimenting with hosting the same artists for two consecutive three-day weekends: April 13-15 and April 20-22.

The Black Keys, Swedish House Mafia and Pulp rocked Friday's chilly opening day. Today's (April 15) third and final day brings Dr. Dre and Snoop Dogg (rumored to contain an appearance by the late Nate Dogg as a hologram), Florence and the Machine, Justice, Calvin Harris and the reunited At the Drive-In.

Did you go to Coachella? Share your review in the comments below!

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One Direction Announces 2013 North American Tour


Brace your eardrums, citizens of the United States: One Direction will soon be coming to a city near you.

The British boy band, who is also teaming up with Justin Bieber, will kick off a 25-city North American tour in June of 2013.

One Direction on SNL

When/where will you be able to scream at these young talents in person? Find out now:

June 13: Ft. Lauderdale, FL, BankAtlantic Center
June 14: Miami, American Airlines Arena
June 18: Columbus, Ohio, Nationwide Arena
June 19: Nashville, Tenn., Bridgestone Arena
June 21: Atlanta, Ga., Philips Arena
June 22: Raleigh, N.C., PNC Arena
June 23: Washington, D.C., Verizon Center
June 26: Boston, Comcast Center
June 28: Wantagh, N.Y., Nikon at Jones Beach Theater
July 4: Montreal, Bell Centre
July 6: Hershey, Penn., Hersheypark Stadium
July 8: Pittsburgh, Penn., Consol Energy Center
July 9: Toronto, Air Canada Centre
July 12: Detroit, The Palace of Auburn Hills
July 13: Chicago, First Midwest Bank Amphitheatre
July 18: Minneapolis, Target Center
July 19: Kansas City, Mo., Sprint Center
July 24: Denver, Pepsi Center
July 25: Salt Lake City, Maverick Center
July 27: Vancouver, Rogers Arena
July 28: Seattle, KeyArena
July 31: Oakland, Calif., Oracle Arena
Aug. 2: Las Vegas, Mandalay Bay Events Center
Aug. 6: San Diego, Cricket Wireless Amphitheatre
Aug. 7: Los Angeles, Staples Center

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Alleged ASUS teaser wants us to 'Experience the Infinity,' fails to explain how

Alleged ASUS teaser wants us to 'Experience the Infinity,' fails to explain how
This isn't the first time a mysterious bit of video has come our way with the promise of something new and fabulous from ASUS. The latest such clip comes from a third party, so take it with a hefty pinch of Morton's. It shows some slow motion footage of a drop of water falling into a bigger body of H2O, then a message emerges from the resulting concentric waves telling us to "Experience the Infinity." Whatever that means, it'll be "coming soon" -- next week, apparently, as the video finishes up touting Milano Design Week, which starts on April 17th. Is the video legit? Will some fabulous new device make its mark in Milan? We've no idea, but it certainly has a style similar to other teasers we've seen from the Taiwanese firm. You can make up your own mind once you've watched the vid after the break.

Continue reading Alleged ASUS teaser wants us to 'Experience the Infinity,' fails to explain how

Alleged ASUS teaser wants us to 'Experience the Infinity,' fails to explain how originally appeared on Engadget on Sat, 14 Apr 2012 14:07:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

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