Cowon Plenue Z2: US pricing, availability and hands-on impressions

cowon plenue z2
Just mention the company's name, and a pair of things come to mind: world-beating sound quality, and above-average prices. Such is life when you're Cowon, which has informed us that its Plenue Z2 portable media player will be shipping to the US of A in May. Based on details shared to us from a Cowon spokesperson, "early May" is the targeted release window, which makes sense given the unit's FCC debut back in December of 2011. We've learned that it'll ship in 16GB (white only) and 32GB (black only) sizes, with prices set for $279.99 and $319.99 in order of mention. As for specs? Glad you asked. Rather than relying on one of Cowon's proprietary operating systems, the Z2 will ship with Android 2.3.5 (Gingerbread), while measuring 62.8- x 116.5- x 11.8-millimeters, weighing 116 grams and boasting a 3.7-inch (800 x 480) capacitive touchpanel.

On the audio side, you'll get a typical 20Hz to 20,000Hz frequency range, 29mW + 29mW maximum outlet and a 95dB signal-to-noise ratio. There's also an HDMI output, a microSD expansion slot, built-in FM radio tuner, 802.11b/g/n WiFi module, Bluetooth 2.1+EDR and an internal microphone. The outfit claims that this guy can last some 22 hours when playing back music alone, while video junkies will see 8.5 hours of their favorite Family Guy clips before needing a rejuvenation session. Not surprisingly, the Z2 also supports a smorgasbord of file formats, including AVI, WMV, ASF, MP4, MKV, MPG, DAT, 3GP -- tired yet? -- DivX, XviD, H.264, WMA, OGG, PMC and FLAC. We managed to grab hold of a unit prior to its launch here in the States; head on past the break to hear our take.

Continue reading Cowon Plenue Z2: US pricing, availability and hands-on impressions

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RolePlayGateway?

Snowflakes began to fall down from the light cerulean sky. The air slightly chilled, yet nowhere near the temperatures it had been for Christmas Eve just days before. The sun was just starting to rise for the last time this year, getting ready for the upcoming fireworks and celebrations happening later that evening. It was almost 9 o'clock in the morning, but businesses were already starting to reach its peak as people rushed to the stores for plates, spoons, fireworks, and everything else they needed for tonight's celebration. It was New Year's Eve. Stirred awake from the bustle of car horns and noise outside, Gregory was greeted a good morning by his dog Sandy. Sandy was a cute little thing, a pure breed golden retriever that he'd gotten for his 16th birthday. Really, saying the dog was 'little' was quite the understatement. The dog was huge, almost as big as Gregory himself. "Mom left for work already?" He spoke groggily, when his dog greeted him with a slobbery kiss on the check. Yawning slightly, he sat up on the bed, causing Sandy to jump back on the floor. The dog scampered off as soon as his job was done, and probably went outside to the living room.

It took Gregory a few moments to realize that it was New Year's Eve. He was half reminded by the noise outside, and, a few seconds later, with a text from his best friend Eric. There was a party today at his house, Gregory remembered. Ten o'clock that night a whole group of them were supposed to meet up at Eric's apartment. Eric was filthy rich; with a flat screen television, pool, pool table , Jacuzzi - pretty much everything. He lived in the far end of the city, near all the manors and large houses. It was 45 minutes away from where most of them lived, but none of Gregory's friends really cared. Eric's house was the place to be. Eric's father was some sort of well-known doctor in Europe, while his mother was an extremely successful lawyer. His parents were almost never home, so Eric had the house to himself. Usually he'd joke around saying that was perfect for other reasons, but Gregory knew that it could get pretty lonely. He looked at his friend's text, throwing his phone off the side of his bed. "New Years, huh?" Gregory said almost to himself. It was weird. Last night, he had a weird dream about a girl. He could really only remember bits and pieces of it, but it was rare for Gregory to have dreams at all. Well, everyone had dreams, but a dream that he'd actually remembered. He couldn't see the girl's face in the dream, but he remembered she was calling his name. Calling his name in a way that seemed familiar. Her hair was blocking her face, but she was running towards him in an almost desperate manner. The closer she got, the more Gregory was able to realize that the girl wasn't happy at all. The girl seemed to be crying. And then the New Year's ball dropped and it was over.

Shrugging off the thoughts as simply as a dream, Gregory let himself collapse on his bed once more. He hated the fact that his mother told Sandy to wake him up so early in the morning. Who wanted to wake up this early on vacation? He had a pretty messed up family if they wanted him to wake up this early. Well, really just his mother because his father had left them when Gregory was a baby. Head first on the comforters of his bed, Gregory fell back asleep. This time, he didn't have any weird dreams.

Gregory had woken up a few hours later, this time at a more reasonable time, to the sound of the apartment doorbell. He groaned lazily, glancing at the clock in his room. It was already 3 o'clock in the afternoon. Three o'clock with no breakfast or lunch? Gregory was starving. But, he decided not to move. He was starting to realize that spending the whole day sleeping was pretty satisfying. His bed was soft, comfortable, almost alluring him to stay. The odds seemed to not be in his favor, however, when the doorbell kept on ringing. Ding, Dong. Ding, Dong. It was like a broken record. The fact that he lived in a small apartment, and not a large mansion like Eric did, made it even worse. He could hear Sandy barking loudly as the door continued to ring repeatedly. Slowly, Gregory started to get up. He walked out his bedroom still in pajamas, his hair disheveled, and eyes tired. The house was still dark because no one had opened the blinds this morning, and rays of sunlight struggled to beam through the gaps. He walked sloppily to the door, which had finally stopped ringing. He looked through the small glass hole drilled on the door.

"What's your problem?" He muttered angrily, finally opening the door. "What?" He growled as soon as the door opened. To his surprise, it was Eric.

"Nice outfit." Eric snickered at his appearance, and made his way inside the small apartment without Gregory's permission, "Did you just wake up or something? It's like pigsty in here. And it smells like shit." He complained, lounging around his friend's living room and made himself comfortable on the couch. Eric was a relatively short guy, he had curly hair and an air to him that very easygoing and relaxed. He was nice guy, but can get on the annoying side pretty easily. Like now.

"What are you doing here?" Gregory looked at his friend, still standing by the door. "Don't you have a party to get ready for?"

"Ricardo's preparing for all that. " He replied simply, referring to his butler. To him, in wasn't exactly that big of a deal. "There are, only like - what, thirty? - people coming anyway. It's not that much." Sandy went up to Eric, sniffing him a little, before going back to his spot on the floor. Even the dog was used to him by now. Eric yawned, "Anyway, since you didn't answer your texts I came by to tell you that Isabelle's bringing this hot chick with her. " Isabelle was one of their friends, who was also Eric's girlfriend, "I mean I haven't met her but I've heard she's got a rockin' body." Eric made a face, looking at Gregory pointedly. He was obviously referring for him to hook up with her.

Gregory wasn't interested, but if it made his friend go away, he was willing to do anything. "Alright, okay thanks. Can you leave now?"

Eric didn't make any signs of moving, "Talk about rude." He got up slowly, "I came here to tell you that because I thought you might be interested. You know, since you might feel a little left out at the party." He hinted slightly.

"I don't need your sympathy." Gregory cut him off shortly, now almost pushing him out of his apartment. He didn't exactly want to talk about his love life right now. "Goodbye, Eric. I'll see you later." He pushed his friend the door. He liked Eric, but, really, sometimes Gregory wished he could just stop talking to him.

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No one gets hurt sitting on their couch?. ? Health and Fitness ...

Last week I had the chance to catch up with a friend I hadn?t spoken to in ages. She was telling me all about how? busy she was preparing for the holiday, taking care of kids and juggling work ?.all having to manage it on her own because her husband had to have surgery from an injury he sustained while performing an aggressive military style work out.

?

My husband used to say ?No one ever gets hurt sitting on the couch? (until a crane on the upper east side crashed into a high rise apartment and killed a guy siting on a couch proved him wrong)?.but his point was that when you do Risky activities you are more likely to get HURT.

Another friend of mine participated in one of those obstacle races recently where you have to climb over 15 foot walls, crawl through dirt and jump over tires?.all for ?FUN? (?.if you asked me i don?t understand what is fun about mud in your mouth ?)?..She too was injured from that race.

It made me think about the time in my life when i became certified as a fitness instructor and attended a 3 day fitness conference ?.it seemed that everyone was trying to outdo the other and the attendees were seeking the ?newest? thing in the ?FIT? world.

Instructors would get up on stage and demonstrate the latest moves they had ?invented? such as leaping over 3 BOSU balls in a row while holding 20 pound dumbbells in each arm and landing on their head to balance on their? finger nails.

It made the episode of ?Happy Days? ? when Fonzi had to jump the shark ? seem safer.

Each session was over the top with instructors trying to outshine the other?until one of them actually fell and broke her foot while performing the exercise she claimed ?anyone can do?.

I went home thinking that Jane Fonda had it right?.Leg lifts and sit ups. BASICS.Back to Basics.

As you know, I am a firm believer in push ups and squats? for a complete full body routine.

Looking back at the agenda of that conference and talking to my injured friends i had to think that the old acronym ?KISS? is possibly the best advice when it comes to a workout regimen?..

KEEP IT SIMPLE STUPID

The ?Basics? really WORK!

Skip the fancy kettle bell cleans that pop a shoulder out of its circuit and just stick to the basic swings.

There is no shame in doing a basic simple movement that works the muscle ? NO DIFFERENTLY- than a ?fancier? made up ?creative? move that ultimately leads to injury.

When you complicate matters you end up hurting something or ? someone else!

Lesson Learned: leave the creativity to the art world and stick with the simple (not easy) moves that have been around since the cavemen.

PUSH your body and PULL your body and you will see that it?s really ALL you need to stay FIT.

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Posted by elitetradingtips on April 11, 2012

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Matt Owens Honored with Phoenix ?Ad Person of the Year? 30 Years ...

?Matt Owens, partner at Owens Harkey Advertising, was awarded the highly sought-after J. Terry Groener ?Ad Person of the Year? award by the American Advertising Federation?s Phoenix Chapter. Owens Harkey Advertising is a full-service advertising agency in Phoenix. Owens was recognized with the 47th annual award for his many years of providing advertising industry excellence and his ongoing dedication to making a positive impact throughout our local community.

??? ?This has moved me deeply as my father won the same award thirty years ago?

To be eligible for the ?Ad Person of the Year? award, recipients must contribute to the betterment of the advertising industry, be active participants in philanthropic involvement in the community, and be currently active in advertising, marketing and communications.

Matt Owens? late father, Bill Owens, received the award in 1982.

?This has moved me deeply as my father won the same award thirty years ago,? said Matt Owens. ?It was an incredible experience to look at the list of names and see his. It blew me away.?

Owens grew up in the advertising industry and has been in the business for over 25 years. Owens knew from a young age that he wanted to follow in his father Bill Owens? footsteps, who founded the long-time Valley advertising agency Owens & Associates. Owens & Associates touted a range of clients including the Phoenix Suns, Arizona Cardinals and Tropicana.

After graduating from Woodbury University in Los Angeles with a degree in marketing, Matt Owens worked for Owens & Associates for many years, including a stint as general manager of the firm?s Albuquerque office. He then moved to the Pacific Northwest to work in the e-commerce and dot-com industries.

In 2001, Owens inherited Owens & Associates from his father. He has since partnered with long-time friend and media expert, Scott Harkey, to build Owens Harkey Advertising ? the kind of agency he?s always envisioned. As partner, Owens? core responsibilities lie in marketing strategy and advertising planning, media services, account supervision and creative direction.

In 2011, Owens Harkey Advertising grew by over 500 percent, with the help of Owens? revolutionary branding strategy system. Owens has also made a commitment to working with nonprofits and currently sits on marketing committees and boards of directors for many local organizations and charities.
Contacts

Owens Harkey Advertising
Pamela Edelstein, 480-236-7012
p.edelstein@owensharkey.com

-->

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Imposing trade restrictions on parallel imports can motivate a firm to export, study finds

[ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 11-Apr-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Margaret Allen
mallen@smu.edu
214-768-7664
Southern Methodist University

Game theoretic analysis indicates that strategic policies to allow or ban parallel imports are often based on motivating domestic firms to succeed in competitive foreign markets

Imposing trade restrictions on parallel imports has the surprising effect of motivating a firm to export, according to a new study using game theory economic analysis.

Economists Santanu Roy, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, and Kamal Saggi, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, found that diverse parallel importing policies among countries today make it possible to analyze for the first time how competition between firms and allowing or banning parallel imports can influence competition in foreign and domestic markets.

"Our research is the first to look at the consequence of strategic policy setting by governments in the context of competition in domestic and foreign markets," Roy said.

Most surprising among the findings, he said, is that imposing trade restrictions on parallel imports can actually motivate a firm to export when the market to which it is exporting is smaller than its own.

"So even though you are formally prohibiting the import of a product, you are actually promoting trade," Roy said. "And that's a new way of looking at this."

Parallel importing: When a firm competes with itself

Parallel importing occurs when a manufacturer exports its trademarked or patented products to a foreign market where demand, policies or price pressures require the goods be sold at a lower price. A third-party buyer purchases the low-priced goods and imports them back to the manufacturer's home country, undercutting domestic prices.

The controversial practice has spawned gray market retail, where consumers buy high-value, brand-named goods at cut prices, such as electronics, video games, alcohol, books and pharmaceuticals.

Parallel importing and gray market retail are growing worldwide

Some advocates of free trade decry parallel importing, saying it infringes on manufacturers' intellectual property rights accorded by copyright, patent and trademark laws. That, in turn, can discourage investment in new technology and products.

As a result, some countries allow parallel importing; others ban it. For example, parallel importing is allowed among the member countries of the European Union. It's not permitted by the United States, although exceptions exist for many different products. Generally speaking, developed nations restrict parallel importing, while developing nations allow it.

The study by Roy and Saggi found there is no one-size-fits-all solution neither a global ban nor a blanket endorsement.

Only need for intervention could be countries with major asymmetries

In fact, the study's authors found that policy diversity is working well because it takes into account important variables such as similarity or dissimilarity of markets, as well as competing products and government regulations.

"The only area where there may be need for intervention is where there may be major asymmetries between countries where one country is very large and the other is very small," Roy said.

Roy and Saggi found that there's strategic interdependence in the policymaking across governments, as well as a lot of strategic dependence in the decisions of firms. For that reason, the degree of asymmetry of demand across countries is going to be a very important part of the picture, Roy said.

Impact of parallel importing varies, depending on the markets

By modeling the impact of parallel importing under various scenarios, Roy and Saggi discovered that parallel importing typically works in favor of a domestic manufacturer whose export market is similar in size to its domestic market, and where intellectual property rights and parallel trade policies are similar to its own. In that case, a competitor is unlikely to cut prices, and prices remain stable and profitable both at home and abroad.

However, where markets are dissimilar, they found that parallel importing led to price slashing both at home and abroad, which in turn drove manufacturers to abandon exporting to prevent prices being slashed at home.

"One of the consequences of parallel import policy is that when it's allowed, firms will actually take steps to alter their pricing in such a way that parallel imports don't occur," Roy said. "So the fact we don't actually observe parallel imports in data doesn't mean that parallel import policy does not have a very important impact on the way firms price their goods across the markets."

Parallel importing policies should be set on a case-by-case basis

Because the impact of parallel importing varies on a case-by-case basis, policies governing parallel imports should be determined country by country and product by product. Roy and Saggi warn against uniform global standards to restrict or allow parallel imports, such as could be imposed by the international trade governing body, the World Trade Organization, or through its agreements, such as the TRIPS agreement on trade-related intellectual property rights.

###

Roy and Saggi report their findings in two articles: "Equilibrium Parallel Import Policies and International Market Structure," a scenario in which there are quality differences in the products across countries, forthcoming in the Journal of International Economics; and "Strategic Competition and Optimal Parallel Import Policy," a scenario in which there's asymmetrical protection of intellectual property, forthcoming in the Canadian Journal of Economics. Roy and Saggi were members of a development research group at the World Bank that researched parallel importing. Links to the scientific papers are at http://tinyurl.com/87trhld.>

Roy is professor and director of graduate studies in the SMU Department of Economics. Saggi is professor and director of the graduate program in economic development in the Vanderbilt Department of Economics.

SMU is a nationally ranked private university in Dallas founded 100 years ago. Today, SMU enrolls nearly 11,000 students who benefit from the academic opportunities and international reach of seven degree-granting schools. For more information see www.smu.edu.

SMU has an uplink facility located on campus for live TV, radio, or online interviews. To speak with an SMU expert or book an SMU guest in the studio, call SMU News & Communications at 214-768-7650.



[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 11-Apr-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Margaret Allen
mallen@smu.edu
214-768-7664
Southern Methodist University

Game theoretic analysis indicates that strategic policies to allow or ban parallel imports are often based on motivating domestic firms to succeed in competitive foreign markets

Imposing trade restrictions on parallel imports has the surprising effect of motivating a firm to export, according to a new study using game theory economic analysis.

Economists Santanu Roy, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, and Kamal Saggi, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, found that diverse parallel importing policies among countries today make it possible to analyze for the first time how competition between firms and allowing or banning parallel imports can influence competition in foreign and domestic markets.

"Our research is the first to look at the consequence of strategic policy setting by governments in the context of competition in domestic and foreign markets," Roy said.

Most surprising among the findings, he said, is that imposing trade restrictions on parallel imports can actually motivate a firm to export when the market to which it is exporting is smaller than its own.

"So even though you are formally prohibiting the import of a product, you are actually promoting trade," Roy said. "And that's a new way of looking at this."

Parallel importing: When a firm competes with itself

Parallel importing occurs when a manufacturer exports its trademarked or patented products to a foreign market where demand, policies or price pressures require the goods be sold at a lower price. A third-party buyer purchases the low-priced goods and imports them back to the manufacturer's home country, undercutting domestic prices.

The controversial practice has spawned gray market retail, where consumers buy high-value, brand-named goods at cut prices, such as electronics, video games, alcohol, books and pharmaceuticals.

Parallel importing and gray market retail are growing worldwide

Some advocates of free trade decry parallel importing, saying it infringes on manufacturers' intellectual property rights accorded by copyright, patent and trademark laws. That, in turn, can discourage investment in new technology and products.

As a result, some countries allow parallel importing; others ban it. For example, parallel importing is allowed among the member countries of the European Union. It's not permitted by the United States, although exceptions exist for many different products. Generally speaking, developed nations restrict parallel importing, while developing nations allow it.

The study by Roy and Saggi found there is no one-size-fits-all solution neither a global ban nor a blanket endorsement.

Only need for intervention could be countries with major asymmetries

In fact, the study's authors found that policy diversity is working well because it takes into account important variables such as similarity or dissimilarity of markets, as well as competing products and government regulations.

"The only area where there may be need for intervention is where there may be major asymmetries between countries where one country is very large and the other is very small," Roy said.

Roy and Saggi found that there's strategic interdependence in the policymaking across governments, as well as a lot of strategic dependence in the decisions of firms. For that reason, the degree of asymmetry of demand across countries is going to be a very important part of the picture, Roy said.

Impact of parallel importing varies, depending on the markets

By modeling the impact of parallel importing under various scenarios, Roy and Saggi discovered that parallel importing typically works in favor of a domestic manufacturer whose export market is similar in size to its domestic market, and where intellectual property rights and parallel trade policies are similar to its own. In that case, a competitor is unlikely to cut prices, and prices remain stable and profitable both at home and abroad.

However, where markets are dissimilar, they found that parallel importing led to price slashing both at home and abroad, which in turn drove manufacturers to abandon exporting to prevent prices being slashed at home.

"One of the consequences of parallel import policy is that when it's allowed, firms will actually take steps to alter their pricing in such a way that parallel imports don't occur," Roy said. "So the fact we don't actually observe parallel imports in data doesn't mean that parallel import policy does not have a very important impact on the way firms price their goods across the markets."

Parallel importing policies should be set on a case-by-case basis

Because the impact of parallel importing varies on a case-by-case basis, policies governing parallel imports should be determined country by country and product by product. Roy and Saggi warn against uniform global standards to restrict or allow parallel imports, such as could be imposed by the international trade governing body, the World Trade Organization, or through its agreements, such as the TRIPS agreement on trade-related intellectual property rights.

###

Roy and Saggi report their findings in two articles: "Equilibrium Parallel Import Policies and International Market Structure," a scenario in which there are quality differences in the products across countries, forthcoming in the Journal of International Economics; and "Strategic Competition and Optimal Parallel Import Policy," a scenario in which there's asymmetrical protection of intellectual property, forthcoming in the Canadian Journal of Economics. Roy and Saggi were members of a development research group at the World Bank that researched parallel importing. Links to the scientific papers are at http://tinyurl.com/87trhld.>

Roy is professor and director of graduate studies in the SMU Department of Economics. Saggi is professor and director of the graduate program in economic development in the Vanderbilt Department of Economics.

SMU is a nationally ranked private university in Dallas founded 100 years ago. Today, SMU enrolls nearly 11,000 students who benefit from the academic opportunities and international reach of seven degree-granting schools. For more information see www.smu.edu.

SMU has an uplink facility located on campus for live TV, radio, or online interviews. To speak with an SMU expert or book an SMU guest in the studio, call SMU News & Communications at 214-768-7650.



[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


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Fighting rages on Sudan-South Sudan border

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Personality, habits of thought and gender influence how we remember

Tuesday, April 10, 2012

We all have them ? positive memories of personal events that are a delight to recall, and painful recollections that we would rather forget. A new study reveals that what we do with our emotional memories and how they affect us has a lot to do with our gender, personality and the methods we use (often without awareness) to regulate our feelings.

The study appears in Emotion, a journal of the American Psychological Association.

"We're looking at traits that are associated with the way that people process the emotional world and the way that they respond to it," said University of Illinois psychology professor Florin Dolcos, who conducted the study with postdoctoral researcher Sanda Dolcos and University of Alberta postdoctoral researcher Ekaterina Denkova. "We wanted to look not only at how personality traits might influence what and how people remember, but also to examine how that impacts their (subsequent) emotional state."

Previous studies of personality and its relationship to autobiographical memory have tended to focus only on women and only on negative memories, Florin Dolcos said. They do this because women are more likely than men to be diagnosed with emotional disorders such as depression or anxiety, which are associated with an increased focus on negative emotions.

Previous studies have found that people with high neuroticism ? the tendency to focus on negative emotions, particularly in times of stress ? also "are more disposed to become ill with affective disorders like depression and anxiety-related problems," Dolcos said. But these studies have not looked at differences between men and women, the relationship between positive and negative memories, the frequency with which individuals recall specific memories and the vividness of their memories, he said.

Nor have most such studies examined the strategies people use to regulate their emotions when calling to mind positive and negative autobiographical memories. Such strategies include suppression (trying to blunt or hide negative emotions) and reappraisal (trying to adopt a new perspective on unpleasant memories).

The new study examined all these variables, and the findings offer a first hint of the complex interplay of factors that contribute to mood in healthy young men and women.

The researchers used questionnaires and verbal cues to assess personality and to elicit more than 100 autobiographical memories in each of 71 participants (38 of them women). Their analysis revealed that both men and women who were high in extroversion (gregarious, assertive, stimulus-seeking) tended to remember more positive than negative life events. Men who were high in neuroticism tended to recall a greater proportion of negative memories than men who were low in neuroticism, while women who were high in neuroticism tended to return to the same negative memories again and again, a process called rumination.

Rumination is known to be associated with depression, Florin Dolcos said.

"Depressed people recollect those negative memories and as a result they feel sad," he said. "And as a result of feeling sad, the tendency is to have more negative memories recollected. It's a kind of a vicious circle."

None of the study subjects had been diagnosed with depression or other emotional disorders, but, as might be expected, both male and female participants were likely to experience a lower mood after recalling negative autobiographical memories. (Positive memories generally preceded a more positive mood, but the association was indirect and mediated by extroversion, the researchers reported.)

The most pronounced differences between men and women involved the effects of the emotional strategies they used when recalling negative autobiographical memories. Men who engaged in reappraisal, making an effort to think differently about their memories, were likely to recall more positive memories than their peers, while men who used suppression, trying to tamp down their negative emotional responses, saw no pronounced effect on the recall of positive or negative memories. In women, however, suppression was significantly associated with the recall of negative memories and with a lower mood afterward.

"I think that the most important thing here is that we really need to look concomitantly at sex- and personality-related differences and to acknowledge that these factors have a different impact on the way we record our memories, on what we are doing with our memories, and later, how what we are doing with our memories is impacting our emotional well-being," said Sanda Dolcos.

The findings are instructive for both men and women, she said. Being more outgoing, interrupting rumination and using reappraisal seems to work best for men and women as a strategy for dealing with negative memories and cherishing the positive ones, she said.

###

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign: http://www.uiuc.edu

Thanks to University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for this article.

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How many calories does it take to reach childhood obesity prevention goals?

[ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 10-Apr-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Timothy S. Paul
tp2111@columbia.edu
212-305-2676
Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health

Researchers predict that without changes to eating and activity, more than 1 in 5 young people will be obese by 2020

In order for the nation to achieve goals set by the federal government for reducing obesity rates by 2020, children in the United States would need to eliminate an average of 64 excess calories per day, researchers calculated in a study published today in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine. This reduction could be achieved by decreasing calorie intake, increasing physical activity, or both. Without this reduction, the authors predict that the average U.S. youth would be nearly four pounds heavier than a child or teen of the same age was in 2007-2008, and more than 20% of young people would be obese, up from 16.9% today.

"Sixty-four calories may not sound like much individually, but it's quite a consequential number at the population level, and children at greatest risk for obesity face an even larger barrier," says Y. Claire Wang, MD, ScD, assistant professor of Health Policy and Management at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health and lead author of the study. "Closing this gap between how many calories young people are consuming and how many they are expending will take substantial, comprehensive efforts."

The daily difference between how many calories young people consume and how many they expend through normal growth, body function and physical activity is known as the energy gap. The 64-calorie difference between consumption and expenditure is an average for the population. Dr. Wang and her colleagues note it is not intended to represent a change for any individual young person, and that many young people would need to see even greater reductions.

In particular, children and teens who currently have higher obesity rates would require larger energy gap reductions to reach the obesity rate goal. For instance, based on their current obesity rates, white youths would need a 46-calorie reduction, on average, in their energy gap to reach the goals. But given their higher obesity rates in 2008-2010, the average reduction needed to close the energy gap for Mexican-American youths is 91 calories and, for black youths, it is 138 calories. Youths in lower-income communities also need greater reductions than their peers in higher-income areas, again due to higher rates of obesity. Additionally, an earlier study by several of the same researchers found that the problem is especially acute for teens who are already overweight.

In order to project how many young people would be obese in 2020, Dr. Wang and her colleagues analyzed decades of data on obesity rates. Height and weight among U.S. youths ages 2-19 were taken from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1971 to 2008. Based on the trends, the authors projected that the childhood obesity rate would be about 21% in 2020, up from 16.9% now.

Dr. Wang and her colleagues then compared the projected rate of 21% to the goal of 14.6% set by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services in a 2010 report titled Healthy People 2020 and calculated how much of a daily energy gap the average youth would need to close in order to achieve that goal. A childhood obesity rate of 14.6% has not been seen since 2002.

"Reaching the 2020 goal will require significant changes to calories consumed and expended," said C. Tracy Orleans, PhD, co-author of the study and senior scientist at the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. "Because we know that children and teens who already are overweight or obese will need larger reductions, and that preventing obesity will be more effective than treating it, we must focus our attention on the policy and environmental changes likely to have early, broad, and sustainable impacts."

The authors outline several policy strategies that could help to close the daily energy gap for American youths. For instance, they point to research showing that:

  • replacing all sugar-sweetened beverages in school with water and not consuming any additional sugary beverages outside of school could reduce the energy gap by 12 calories per day;
  • participating in a comprehensive physical education program could eliminate 19 calories per day among children ages 9-11; and
  • engaging in an after-school activity program for children in grades K-5 results in an additional 25 calories expended per day.

In a commentary accompanying the study, William H. Dietz, MD, PhD, director of the Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, writes that the research "provides important data that highlight the promise of prevention and raise the challenge of treatment in children and adolescents."

###

Steven L. Gortmaker, PhD, Professor of the Practice of Health Sociology at Harvard School of Public Health was senior author of the study. Funding for the study was provided by grants from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U48/DP00064-00S1) and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.



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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 10-Apr-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Timothy S. Paul
tp2111@columbia.edu
212-305-2676
Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health

Researchers predict that without changes to eating and activity, more than 1 in 5 young people will be obese by 2020

In order for the nation to achieve goals set by the federal government for reducing obesity rates by 2020, children in the United States would need to eliminate an average of 64 excess calories per day, researchers calculated in a study published today in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine. This reduction could be achieved by decreasing calorie intake, increasing physical activity, or both. Without this reduction, the authors predict that the average U.S. youth would be nearly four pounds heavier than a child or teen of the same age was in 2007-2008, and more than 20% of young people would be obese, up from 16.9% today.

"Sixty-four calories may not sound like much individually, but it's quite a consequential number at the population level, and children at greatest risk for obesity face an even larger barrier," says Y. Claire Wang, MD, ScD, assistant professor of Health Policy and Management at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health and lead author of the study. "Closing this gap between how many calories young people are consuming and how many they are expending will take substantial, comprehensive efforts."

The daily difference between how many calories young people consume and how many they expend through normal growth, body function and physical activity is known as the energy gap. The 64-calorie difference between consumption and expenditure is an average for the population. Dr. Wang and her colleagues note it is not intended to represent a change for any individual young person, and that many young people would need to see even greater reductions.

In particular, children and teens who currently have higher obesity rates would require larger energy gap reductions to reach the obesity rate goal. For instance, based on their current obesity rates, white youths would need a 46-calorie reduction, on average, in their energy gap to reach the goals. But given their higher obesity rates in 2008-2010, the average reduction needed to close the energy gap for Mexican-American youths is 91 calories and, for black youths, it is 138 calories. Youths in lower-income communities also need greater reductions than their peers in higher-income areas, again due to higher rates of obesity. Additionally, an earlier study by several of the same researchers found that the problem is especially acute for teens who are already overweight.

In order to project how many young people would be obese in 2020, Dr. Wang and her colleagues analyzed decades of data on obesity rates. Height and weight among U.S. youths ages 2-19 were taken from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1971 to 2008. Based on the trends, the authors projected that the childhood obesity rate would be about 21% in 2020, up from 16.9% now.

Dr. Wang and her colleagues then compared the projected rate of 21% to the goal of 14.6% set by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services in a 2010 report titled Healthy People 2020 and calculated how much of a daily energy gap the average youth would need to close in order to achieve that goal. A childhood obesity rate of 14.6% has not been seen since 2002.

"Reaching the 2020 goal will require significant changes to calories consumed and expended," said C. Tracy Orleans, PhD, co-author of the study and senior scientist at the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. "Because we know that children and teens who already are overweight or obese will need larger reductions, and that preventing obesity will be more effective than treating it, we must focus our attention on the policy and environmental changes likely to have early, broad, and sustainable impacts."

The authors outline several policy strategies that could help to close the daily energy gap for American youths. For instance, they point to research showing that:

  • replacing all sugar-sweetened beverages in school with water and not consuming any additional sugary beverages outside of school could reduce the energy gap by 12 calories per day;
  • participating in a comprehensive physical education program could eliminate 19 calories per day among children ages 9-11; and
  • engaging in an after-school activity program for children in grades K-5 results in an additional 25 calories expended per day.

In a commentary accompanying the study, William H. Dietz, MD, PhD, director of the Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, writes that the research "provides important data that highlight the promise of prevention and raise the challenge of treatment in children and adolescents."

###

Steven L. Gortmaker, PhD, Professor of the Practice of Health Sociology at Harvard School of Public Health was senior author of the study. Funding for the study was provided by grants from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U48/DP00064-00S1) and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.



[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


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LA wins on 50th anniversary of Dodger Stadium

By GREG BEACHAM

AP Sports Writer

Associated Press Sports

updated 6:52 p.m. ET April 10, 2012

LOS ANGELES (AP) - The fans in right field began serenading Andre Ethier midway through the home opener Tuesday, singing several choruses of "Happy Birthday" and raising drinks in honor of both the outfielder's 30th birthday and Dodger Stadium's 50th anniversary.

On such a celebratory day for this revitalized franchise, Ethier felt he couldn't send those fans home without a win.

Ethier hit a tiebreaking homer with two outs in the eighth inning Tuesday, sending the Los Angeles Dodgers to a 2-1 victory over the Pittsburgh Pirates.

"I guess that's a good birthday present for this stadium, too," Ethier said.

Exactly 50 years after Dodger Stadium opened, Ethier hit a solo shot off Jason Grilli (0-1) before emerging from the dugout for a curtain call that didn't seem out of place, even in early April.

Ethier and Clayton Kershaw both noticed the sellout crowd buzzing throughout the afternoon, fairly pulsating with something more than the usual spring optimism of baseball fans. After two years of mediocrity on the field and increasingly bizarre developments in the front office of Southern California's much-loved team, the Dodgers are off to a 4-1 start to their first season since resolving Frank McCourt's messy ownership tenure.

"Everybody is excited about what's going on right now, and rightfully so," said Ethier, starting his seventh season with the Dodgers. "The vibe in this stadium today, that's an addicting feeling. We had that for several years here, and then it went away, and part of that was how we were playing on the field. It felt good to look up and see that support again."

Matt Kemp drove in a run in a club record-tying ninth straight game with a first-inning groundout for the Dodgers, but Matt Hague's RBI grounder in the seventh evened it. Los Angeles couldn't capitalize on seven strong innings from Kershaw, with Pittsburgh's Kevin Correia largely matching the NL Cy Young Award winner.

Kenley Jansen (1-0) pitched the eighth, and Javy Guerra pitched the ninth for his third save.

"Even in camp, these guys were fired up about what we thought we could do," Dodgers manager Don Mattingly said. "It seems like we're going to be in a lot of close games this season, no matter what. We're going to have to get big hits and big outs when we need them, and we did that today."

The Dodgers began the 50th-anniversary celebration of their ballpark with numerous tributes to their venerable stadium while welcoming back several members of their 1962 roster, including Maury Wills and Tommy Davis. Two notable figures didn't join the festivities, however: broadcaster Vin Scully stayed home to nurse a cold, and prospective new Dodgers co-owner Magic Johnson was away in New York.

Kershaw allowed four hits and struck out seven, bouncing back from his first start last week in San Diego, which ended after three innings because of an illness that lingered until recently. He failed to win at home for just the third time in 14 starts, but still hasn't lost at Dodger Stadium since early last season.

Pittsburgh opened a nine-game trip with just five hits against Kershaw and the Dodgers' bullpen. After Grilli yielded the decisive homer, Andrew McCutchen grounded into a game-ending double play.

"I love the adversity," Grilli said. "If I don't, then I shouldn't be doing this. But I relish it. I mean, I'm not happy about what happened today, but I can't wait to get the ball the next time, because I'm going to win that battle. I guess the good thing about being a reliever is that you can come back out tomorrow and redeem yourself and be a hero."

Correia yielded four hits and two walks over six innings in his season debut for Pittsburgh after missing the final six weeks of last season with a strained oblique.

"It's a small sample, but we've been pitching great," Pirates catcher Rod Barajas said. "But we've had some tough matchups: (Roy) Halladay, (Cliff) Lee, (Cole) Hamels, and then we get Kershaw, but we're competing day in and day out. So no matter who's on the mound, we're going to battle. Hopefully we come out on top more often than not."

NOTES: The Beach Boys, who are also celebrating their 50th anniversary this year, performed before the game and sang the national anthem. Brian Wilson and his fellow members wore Dodgers jerseys with No. 50 on the back. ... Dee Gordon led off the first with a single and scored on a groundout by Kemp, who tied the franchise record for consecutive games with an RBI shared by Roy Campanella and Augie Galan.... Chad Billingsley goes for his second win of the young season when he takes the mound for the Dodgers on Wednesday night against Pittsburgh's Erik Bedard.

? 2012 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Iran not interested in nuclear fuel swap: atomic chief

DUBAI (Reuters) - Iran has no interest in reviving a failed nuclear fuel swap deal with Western powers, but might scale back production of higher-grade enriched uranium once it has the material it needs, the head of the country's atomic energy organization said.

U.S. officials say that getting Iran to suspend high-level uranium enrichment and close an underground nuclear facility near the holy city of Qom are priorities for talks between Iran and world powers that are due to resume on Saturday.

Iranian media also quoted Foreign Minister Ali Akbar Salehi on Monday as saying that Tehran would not agree to world powers imposing pre-conditions before the nuclear talks which will resume in Istanbul after collapsing more than a year ago.

"Setting conditions before the meeting means drawing conclusions, which is completely meaningless and none of the parties will accept conditions set before the talks," the Iranian parliamentary news agency quoted him as saying.

The United States and its allies suspect Iran's nuclear program is hiding attempts to develop an atomic weapons capability and Washington has not ruled out military action against Tehran if diplomacy fails.

Iran says the program is solely for power generation and medical needs, adding that it needs to enrich uranium to 20 percent to produce medical isotopes from a Tehran Research Reactor for the treatment of thousands of patients.

Iranian media on Monday quoted nuclear chief Fereydoon Abbasi-Davani as dismissing a revival of the swap deal to supply Iran with fuel enriched abroad for peaceful purposes at a Tehran research reactor but which collapsed in 2009.

"The Islamic Republic won't turn back and has no interest in receiving 20 percent fuel from other countries because it has made an investment," Abbasi-Davani said during a Sunday night television interview, the Iranian state news agency reported.

"We made the investment because they (Western powers) blocked us. If they had given us fuel, there would be no problem and our (Tehran) reactor would have been working," Abbas-Davani added.

Iran started enriching uranium to 20 percent purity in early 2010 to refresh the dwindling fuel stock at a Tehran research reactor. Tehran has repeatedly said it had no other choice after the swap deal failed to secure uranium to keep the reactor running.

However, Abbasi-Davani raised the possibility of converting fuel back to 3.5 percent purity, the level of enrichment required for reactors producing nuclear power.

"Once the necessary fuel is obtained, we will scale back production and maybe even convert it to 3.5 percent," he said.

Trying to find a way to halt Iran's higher-grade uranium enrichment capability has become the focus for Washington and its allies which believe Tehran is developing all means and components required for a nuclear bomb in isolation.

Crude oil prices slipped on Monday following news that the talks would resume between Iran and the P5+1 countries - the United States, Britain, France, Russia, China and Germany. Brent Brent crude futures were $1 a barrel lower.

Western experts say Iran has enough 3.5 and 20 percent-enriched uranium for around four bombs if the material is refined to more than 90-percent purity. While Iran has refused to suspend its enrichment activities it has at times appeared more flexible regarding 20 percent enrichment.

It is unclear what it would expect in return, but its demands would revolve around the lifting of sanctions against its financial and energy sectors which have caused increasing financial hardship within the country.

On Sunday, Israeli defense minister Ehud Barak also emphasized that the key to successful talks would be on the basis of Iran halting enrichment to 20 percent.

Later Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu went further, saying the P5+1 representatives to the talks should demand an end to all enrichment activity, the transfer of all enriched material out of Iran and the closure of the nuclear facility near Qom.

(Reporting By Marcus George; editing by David Stamp)

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